Este escrito pretende repensar la paradoja de hablar en nombre propio por medio de una inmersión en la filosofía del lenguaje de Vilém Flusser, con el objetivo de esbozar otra manera de hacer frente al nihilismo contemporáneo, a través de una conceptualización no abstracta del intelecto y del lenguaje. El nihilismo que nos acecha, al capturar la diferencia por medio de una axiomática que parte de los principios de identidad, de no contradicción y de tercero excluido, condiciona a la mayoría (...) de las voces en resistencia (que pretenden hablar en nombre propio) a un binarismo que las introduce en una asimilación ciega de la realización de nuestra cultura asentada en la mathesis universalis. Para el filósofo nacido en Praga, esto se hace ostensible en la figura de los campos de concentración como expresión singular de una realización de nuestra cultura. (shrink)

Al situar como problemática nodal la relación entre mito y soberanía, este es- crito pretende: a) cuestionar el modo en que dichas nociones se vinculan para constituir una idea de democracia ávida de un principio teleológico y b) reflexionar sobre la manera en que tal idea ciega la constitución misma de la política yacente en la στάσις. Así pues, al usar una forma controlada del ana- cronismo, traemos al presente dos problemas del pasado: 1) el agotamiento del mito insinuado por (...) Gorgias y la retórica en el siglo v a. C.; 2) el problema de la obcecación de la στάσις estudiado por Nicole Loraux, Michel Foucault y Dimitris Vardoulakis, con el fin de posicionarse frente a los procesos contemporá- neos, en los cuales la inhospitalidad, la xenofobia y las sombras de los crímenes de odio se alimentan bajo el halo de una democracia atrapada por algún tipo de mito soberano. (shrink)

El escrito, adentrándose en la teoría allagmática de Gilbert Simondon, tiene como objetivo provocarle al concepto de cosmopolitismo variantes ontológicas, epistemológicas y éticas. Se piensa, dichas variantes, al romper con los primados sustancialitas que sitúan el principio de individuación como algo consumado, idean un horizonte de sentido que se muestra capaz de expresar al cosmopolitismo, no como un ideal regulativo, sino como un proceso. De este modo, pensar al cosmopolitismo como un proceso, reclama asumir los movimientos ontológicos, epistemológicos y éticos, (...) no como abstracciones, sino como devenires-límite que reclaman examinar cómo es que nos creamos. Por lo anterior, en el escrito se afirma junto a Simondon: el cosmopolitismo pensado a la luz de la allagmática involucra la producción de movimientos capaces de afirmar disímiles modos de existencia. El cosmopolitismo es un proceso siempre por hacer y por afirmar en el que nos jugamos la posibilidad de expresar una vida digna. (shrink)

Understanding the ways in which Muslims are turned into “a problem” requires an analytic incorporating the insights gained through the concepts of Islamophobia and anti-Muslim racism into a larger frame. The “Muslim Question” can provide such a frame by attending to the systematic character of this form of racism, explored here through biopolitics. This article develops a conceptualization of Europe’s “Muslim Question” along three lines. First, the “Muslim Question” emerges as an accusation of being an “alien body” to the nation, (...) often expressed through the Trojan horse legend. Second, the “Muslim Question” is elaborated through demands of integration and assimilation, in which the production of difference entangles with calls and measures to regulate Muslims. And third, the “Muslim Question” is brought to life upon the terrain of gender and sexuality, as the imaginary of threat at the heart of the “Muslim Question” is a replacement conspiracy centered on birthrates. (shrink)

Esta obra se concentra en cuatro temas cruciales de la formación de docentes, tanto antes como durante el servicio y en la enseñanza en diferentes áreas y niveles educativos. En primer lugar, se aborda el asunto de las creencias que los docentes tienen sobre el proceso educativo, las cuales parecen influir en la práctica profesional que estos desarrollan y, por lo tanto, deberían recibir la atención explícita de los procesos de formación de docentes que deseen promover prácticas específicas. El segundo (...) tema de la obra es la relación entre la formación de docentes y la política pública que la rige. En particular, se analizan las reformas curriculares implementadas por varias licenciaturas en universidades privadas colombianas, en respuesta a reformas a la normatividad sobre las condiciones de calidad que a las que deben ajustarse todas las licenciaturas del país. El tercer tema analizado es en qué medida los docentes en educación superior van más allá del dominio de su saber disciplinar atribuyendo importancia a la pedagogía, la didáctica y la práctica reflexiva en su propia práctica docente. Finalmente, se discuten aspectos de la formación de docentes relacionados con los procesos vividos y los retos encontrados por los docentes al entrar en la profesión, su socialización en la comunidad docente, sus identidades como maestros y su motivación para ser docentes. Vale la pena señalar que las contribuciones a este libro comparten el uso de metodologías cualitativas y presentan los resultados de historias de vida, entrevistas, observaciones, y análisis documentales, entre otros. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is to show some of the most important challenges of justice with regard to global identity. I explain the formation of global identity along historical lines in the Western tradition. I then discuss political, economic, cultural, social, scientific and bioethical challenges in achieving justice in the creation of global identity.

La Habana es una ciudad vieja que en algún momento fue moderna. Para muchos estudiosos, las ciudades, al igual que sus habitantes, nacen, se desarrollan y mueren. Sucumben cuando en ellas no se producen acciones que las rescaten, las conserven arquitectónicamente y las hagan vivir. Visualmente, nuestra ciudad hoy fallece. Más allá de los propósitos de un grupo de obras en el Centro Histórico, custodiadas por la memoria del historiador de la ciudad, La Habana es mucho másque ese perímetro declarado (...) por la Unesco, en 1982, Patrimonio de laHumanidad y Ciudad Maravilla, en el 2016. Desde entonces, poco a poco, sus luces se han ido apagando en un mar de oscuridad grande, que urge restablecer con una política que, verdaderamente, refuerce las estructuras existentes, antes de que sea demasiado tarde. (shrink)

In the evolution of criminally relevant action in modern crime theory, social action has assumed a particular significance as a dogmatic element that enables the effective protection of legal assets in a society beset by risks. In the vast array of theories regarding the role of the guarantor and its legal and doctrinal development, as well as the jurisprudential extension of equivalence clauses of improper omissions that serve as amplifier devices of the criminal statue through an indirect adaptation, there is (...) a need to identify the most effective means to shield legal assets, which allows for an imputation of passive conducts, despite having an active typical description. This introduces the controversial figure of the improper omission, which is used with the function of perfecting all of the structural elements of the criminal conduct. When an individual knows he is in a position of guarantor and is aware of the potential consequences, but fails to take action, having the means to prevent a foreseeable outcome, this device serves to enhance the criminal protection of legal assets, fostering social solidarity as the basis of the criminal justice system. This system, by satisfying the function of general prevention of the punishment, ideally dissuades the individual from committing crimes with the threat of penalty. These theories are fundamental to understanding criminal responsibility by improper omission in the context of the objective imputation theory. By guiding the evolution and delimitation of its application, they serve as a significant factor in criminal social control in Colombia. (shrink)

Esta obra colectiva expone diversas concepciones teóricas, ontológicas, epistemológicas, axiológicas y prácticas sobre el origen, sentido, problemáticas, ventajas, detrimentos, alternativas y desafías de la filosofía de la innovación y su incidencia en la educación; reflexiona sobre las contribuciones de la tecnología y responde a interrogantes como: ¿Cuáles son los aporte de la tradición filosófica, del pensamiento ilustrado, de la postmodernidad y de la teoría crítica para la filosofía de la innovación educativa?; ¿Cuál es la función de la filosofía para la (...) comprensión de la innovación?; ¿Cómo se explica el progreso tecno-científico desde la epistemología contemporánea?; ¿Cuál es el componente pedagógico de la innovación?; ¿Cuáles son las aportaciones del Laudato Si para la innovación educativa?. Además, plantea la necesidad de repensar algunos aspectos relacionados con la educación, el Estado y la identidad latinoamericana para determinar las posibilidades, las limitaciones y los retos de la innovación, entendida como un fenómeno en permanente construcción. Este tomo se encuentra conformado por ocho capítulos en los que los autores formulan un conjunto de contribuciones para la generación de nuevas investigaciones. Además, evidencia a la innovación como un procesos que exige reformulaciones. La innovación sigue siendo una de las tareas pendientes de la filosofía. (shrink)

Se presenta un estudio cuyo propósito es analizar la pertenencia, tendencia y desafíos de los estudios generales en currículos de programas académicos de Universidades peruanas. El estudio, realizado según el diseño fenomenológico, estuvo conformada por docentes universitarios conocedores del currículo elegidos hasta lograr la saturación. Se aplicó un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas enfocado en la apreciación de los informantes en el objeto de la investigación y como resultados se encontró que los estudios generales contribuyen: al desarrollo de habilidades blandas en (...) la formación integral del estudiante, a la identificación de fortalezas e intereses sobre la profesión, a la vida ciudadana, al descubrimiento y la reafirmación de la vocación; de ahí su pertinencia curricular. (shrink)

Gamification has gained popularity among educators who perceive it as a useful tool for carrying out the teaching-learning process optimally. The lack of positive results in the learning of English as a foreign language has become one of the main challenges Mexico faces considered the language as a priority. English teachers know the importance of finding options to present new words to students in a way they could learn appropriately. Vocabulary is a meaningful key of language learning, based on it, (...) other skills are developed. Trough unplugged gamification there has been determinate the relation between the strategy and academic results in written tests in vocabulary area, specifically nouns, among fourth-semester students in high-school education at Plantel Norte, Escuela de Bachilleres. The study follows a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design, correlational scope, and a longitudinal study moment when nouns have been measured based on tests administered before and after the development and use of these low-cost games. (shrink)

Objective: To assess the impact of Khan Academy on the Mathematics educational process for UNDAC students and determine the relevance and efficacy of its content and strategies within the Mathematics-Physics program. Methodology: This research is framed within the positivist paradigm and takes on a quantitative approach. An experimental pre-experimental design was used with pretest and posttest in a single group. The study is applied in nature and is grounded in the contributions of expert researchers and methodologists on the subject. Analytical (...) tools were developed with a reliability coefficient of 0.90, and the investigated population consisted of students from the Mathematics-Physics program at UNDAC. Results: Students who incorporated Khan Academy exhibited significant improvements in their mathematical performance. Persistence in using the platform led to significant enhancements in academic achievement. 70 % of the students reached high levels of mathematical skill development. The majority expressed high satisfaction with the platform. Conclusions: Khan Academy has a meaningful and positive impact on mathematics learning among university students at UNDAC. The platform not only promotes content mastery but also fosters learning autonomy. These findings advocate for the adoption of innovative educational technologies in teaching, especially within STEM disciplines. (shrink)

Introducción, traducción y notas de C. Eggers Lan y V. E. Juliá. Revisada por A. del Pozo Ortiz.

La investigación formativa es un método educativo que involucra a los sujetos en su propia formación en investigación. Este estudio explora el desarrollo y perspectivas de la investigación formativa en universidades peruanas a través del análisis de informes de tesis de posgrado. Utilizando la cartografía conceptual como método de análisis, se identifican conceptos clave, categorías y diferencias conceptuales, revelando el panorama de la investigación formativa y sus desafíos en la universidad peruana. Se destaca la creciente emergencia de estudios sobre este (...) tema en diversas áreas de formación profesional y académica, enfocados en clarificar sus nociones, características y aplicaciones. (shrink)

After World War II, infant mortality rates started dropping steeply. We show how this was accomplished in socialist countries in East-Central Europe. Focusing on the two postwar decades, we explore comparatively how medical experts in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and East Germany saved fragile newborns. Based on an analysis of medical journals, we argue that the Soviet Union and its medical practices had only a marginal influence; the four countries followed the recommendations of the World Health Organization instead, despite not being (...) members. Importantly, we analyze the expert clashes over definitions of livebirth, which impact infant mortality statistics. We analyze the divergent practices and negotiations between countries: since the infant mortality rate came to represent the level of socioeconomic advancement, its political significance was paramount. Analyzing the struggle to reduce infant mortality thus helps us understand how socialist countries positioned themselves within the transnational framework while being members of the “socialist bloc.”. (shrink)

Los estudios de ciencia, tecnología y sociedad revelan las interrelaciones entre la ciencia y la tecnología como procesos sociales. Este artículo persigue como objetivo: valorar la significación social de un entorno virtual en la enseñanza aprendizaje de la Estadística descriptiva en la carrera de Medicina. El diagnóstico preliminar mediante de la observación, la encuesta y el análisis documental, mostró que existen insuficiencias en el uso de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de (...) la Estadística. Se diseñó un entorno virtual constituido por cinco módulos que incluyen contenidos de Estadística descriptiva, ejercicios, bibliografía y ayuda. Con la validación a partir del criterio de especialistas y la sistematización con la introducción en la práctica, se evaluó el mismo como muy adecuado, fue considerado útil, necesario y aplicable al contexto objeto de estudio, lo que contribuye a la formación científica de los estudiantes desde una posición materialista. Science, technology and society studies reveal the interrelations between science and technology as social processes. This article pursues the following objectives: to assess the social significance of a virtual environment in the teaching and learning of descriptive Statistics in Medicine degree course. The preliminary diagnosis through the observation, opinion poll and documentary analysis, showed that there are insufficiencies in the use of Information and Communication technologies in teaching and learning Statistics. It was designed a virtual environment with five modules that include contents of descriptive Statistics, exercises, bibliography and help. With the validation of specialists and the systematization after putting it in practice, the virtual environment was assessed as adequate, useful, necessary and applicable to the context being studied, which contributes to the scientific training of students from a materialistic position. (shrink)

The study of oral tradition, as didactics, in reading comprehension; had as its primary objective to demonstrate the influence of oral tradition, as didactics, on the reading comprehension of students of the Daniel Alcides Carrión National University, for this it was necessary to analyze the reading ability according to the levels of reading comprehension and determine how the use of oral tradition, As a didactics, it influences the literal, inferential and critical level when understanding a text. The study was of (...) an experimental type of pre-experimental level, with the use of the scientific method, which allowed the implementation of the pertinent procedures for textual comprehension. Likewise, the survey, observation and the questionnaire with 15 questions were used as an instrument, the same that fulfilled the process of validity and reliability by personalities of research trajectory, which was applied at two different times in a sample of 20 students, of which; it was obtained as a result of 0.000 < 0.05 according to the Wilcoxon test. It shows that: oral tradition, as didactics, influences the reading comprehension of students at the Daniel Alcides Carrión National University. (shrink)

Based on the results obtained from primary education students—fifth and sixth graders—the aim of this work is to check the appropriate self-perceived behaviors during and at the end of the game. The study population was made up of 698 students from fifth and sixth grade in the Autonomous Region of Castilla–La Mancha (Spain). Data were collected through a questionnaire (scale) on the social skills of primary school students linked to the adequate skills when losing, the adequate skills when winning, and (...) the adequate skills during the game. Study results revealed that analyzed behaviors vary, depending on the moment of the game, being it more frequently during the development of the game than when losing or winning. (shrink)

Childhood obesity, linked to a sedentary lifestyle and an unbalanced diet, is one of the main problems in today’s Western societies. In this sense, the aim of the study was to analyze students’ perceived satisfaction in physical education classes with learning strategies and engagement in learning and critical thinking as determinants of healthy lifestyle habits. The study involved 2,439 high school students aged 12–18 years (M= 14.66,SD= 1.78). Structural equation modeling was conducted to analyze the predictive relationships between the study (...) variables. The results showed that teaching, teaching mastery, and cognitive development are precursors to deep thinking on the part of students, indicators of the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits. These results reflect the importance of the methodology adopted by the teacher in order to positively influence the students’ habits. (shrink)

El propósito del estudio que generó el presente artículo fue analizar las percepciones de coordinadores y docentes tutores sobre el desarrollo de competencias generales en estudiantes de pregrado desde la acción tutorial. El estudio se realizó según el enfoque cualitativo y diseño fenomenológico, cuya población la constituyeron coordinadores y docentes tutores de estudiantes de pregrado de una Universidad de Lima desde sus experiencias en la acción tutorial. El tamaño de la muestra se determinó por el criterio de saturación. Los datos (...) se recogieron por medio de una guía de encuesta estructurada y el rigor científico se orientó según criterios de calidad: credibilidad, transferibilidad, dependencia y confirmabilidad. Se encontró como resultado principal que la acción tutorial contribuye al desarrollo de algunas competencias genéricas, tales como las comunicativas escritas y orales, y el trabajo en equipo, que son las más valoradas por la experiencia tutorial, ya que se requiere de comunicación fluida. (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: Metaphysics and Epistemology Ethics and Politics Aesthetic Worldviews References Further Reading.

This chapter contains sections titled: Acosta, José de (1539–1600) Alberdi, Juan Bautista (1810–84) Bello, Andrés (1781–1865) Bilbao, Francisco (1823–65) Bolkvar, Simón (1783–1830) Casas, Bartolomé de las (1484–1566) Caso, Antonio (1883–1946) Cruz, Sor Juana Inés de la (1651–95) da Costa, Newton Carneiro Affonso (b. 1929) Dussel, Enrique (b. 1934) Frondizi, Risieri (1910–83) Gaos, José (1900–69) González Prada, Manuel (1848–1918) Gracia, Jorge J. E. (b. 1942) Haya de la Torre, Victor Raúl (1895–1979) Hostos, Eugenio Marka de (1839–1903) Ingenieros, José (1877–1925) Korn, Alejandro (...) (1860–1936) Lastarria, José Victorino (1817–88) Lemos, Miguel (1854–1917) Mariátegui, José Carlos (1895–1930) Martk, José (1853–95) Méndez Sierra, Justo (1848–1912) Mora, José Maria Luis (1794–1850) Miró Quesada, Francisco (b. 1918) Rabossi, Eduardo (1930–2005) Ramos, Samuel (1897–1959) Rodó, José Enrique (1872–1917) Romero, Francisco (1891–1962) Sahagún, Fray Bernardino de (1499–1590) Salazar Bondy, Augusto (1925–74) Sarmiento, Domingo Faustino (1811–88) Ofelia Schutte (b. 1945) Sepslveda, Juan Ginés de (ca. 1494–1573) Torretti, Roberto (b. 1930) Vasconcelos, José (1882–1959) Vaz Ferreira, Carlos (1872–1958) Villoro, Luis (b. 1922) Vitoria, Francisco de (ca. 1483–1546) Zea Aguilar, Leopoldo (1912–2004) Acknowledgment Further Reading. (shrink)

Approaching the subject from an interdisciplinary point of view, in the present article I will suggest an interpretation of several capitals in the Romanesque church at the monastery of San Martín de Frómista in light of the urban revolts at the beginning of the twelfth century in León-Castile. I will also claim a later chronology for the church, whose construction frequently has been located in the second half of the eleventh century. A document making reference to the construction of the (...) monastery of Frómista is dated 1066; it states that an ample donation of land was included along with a subordinate neighborhood of townspeople. Through an architectural and iconographic analysis of the building and the close reading of a narrative source, the so-called Primera crónica anónima de Sahagún , I will propose that the church of San Martín was constructed around 1120, after the subordination of the monastery to Cluny two years earlier. (shrink)

Resumen Me propongo aclarar la noción de “fenómeno” de Jean-Luc Marion y su relación con la categoría de “fenómeno saturado”. Para ello discutiré las interpretaciones de algunos comentaristas que advierten tensiones entre la primera y la segunda tópica del fenómeno.I aim to clarify Jean-Luc Marion’s notion of “phenomenon” and its relationship with the category of “saturated phenomenon”. To this end I discuss the interpretations of some commentators who point out tensions between the first and the second topic of the phenomenon (...) presented. (shrink)

In this novel account of global citizenship, Luis Cabrera argues that all individuals have a global duty to contribute directly to human rights protections and to promote rights-enhancing political integration between states. The Practice of Global Citizenship blends careful moral argument with compelling narratives from field research among unauthorized immigrants, activists seeking to protect their rights, and the 'Minuteman' activists striving to keep them out. Immigrant-rights activists, especially those conducting humanitarian patrols for border-crossers stranded in the brutal Arizona desert, (...) are shown as embodying aspects of global citizenship. Unauthorized immigrants themselves are shown to be enacting a form of global 'civil' disobedience, claiming the economic rights central to the emerging global normative charter while challenging the restrictive membership regimes that are the norm in the current global system. Cabrera also examines the European Union, seeing it as a crucial laboratory for studying the challenges inherent in expanding citizen membership. (shrink)

Ecological psychology (see Gibson, 1979) is generally thought of as comprising two main claims. The first is that perception is direct insofar as it is not the result of information added to sensory representations. The second is that perception is comprised of affordances (at least most of the time) or opportunities for action that exist in the environment. Barrett explores the possibility of giving an objective account of perceiving religious meaning and value by means of ecological psychology. The attempt to (...) utilize ecological psychology to account for values is not without precedent, however. Jayawickreme and Chemero (2008), for instance, used the ecological concept of ‘‘affordance’’ to sketch an account of both virtues and morally relevant situations. Surprisingly, Barrett never mentions this central ecological concept, choosing instead to focus solely on the directness of perception. We believe that this constricts his ecological account of religious value. While we agree with Barrett that the cognitive science of religion treats presence as an insider’s experience, such that religious experience is a ‘‘black box’’ phenomenon, intractable, and mysterious, and that ecological theory might provide an account of values, we are not convinced by his particular attempt at an ecological account of religious meaning. (shrink)

I reinforce my defense of permissivism about the rationality of doxastic attitudes on the face of a certain body of evidence against criticism published in this journal by Anantharaman. After making some conceptual clarifications, I manage to show that at least one of my original arguments pro-permissivism is left unscathed by Anantharaman's points.

Resumen. Este artículo ofrece una propuesta enfocada a optimizar el proceso de evaluación sobre el aprovechamiento del alumno, en un ambiente virtual, mediante el concepto GROUPWARE:, técnicas de comunicación grupal, utilizando las Nuevas tecnologías de Información y las Comunicaciones [NTIC’s], como herramientas básicas, llevando el registro y seguimiento estadístico del aprovechamiento actitudinal del estudiante, posibilitando así, el uso y la construcción de índices significativos, seguros y fiables, que permitan al instructor/facilitador/tutor, gestionar de un diagnóstico, sobre el comportamiento, esfuerzo, dedicación y (...) actitud del aprendiz, obteniendo como resultado la participación integra del alumno en los cursos tomados en la plataforma colaborativa permitiendo en consecuencia las medidas preventivas/correctivas sobre la conducta continuamente observada del alumno en el entorno en línea.Palabras claves. Evaluación de enseñanza-aprendizaje, aprovechamiento del alumno, entorno en línea, enseñanza virtual, diagnóstico, indicadores.. This article provides a methodological proposal oriented to optimize the assessment process of a student performance on an on line environment through the application of group communication techniques and widespread use of the new technologies on information and telecommunication as basic tools, based one the process follow-up and statistical data collection from the student´s learning performance and behaviour to enable the construction of significant and reliable indexes thus allowing the advisor a diagnostic on the student´s attitude and performance, allowing him to take on time the adequate preventive/corrective decision measures based on a success/failure tests outputs from the student performance, on a day- to- day basis, on the line environment.Keywords. On line environment, new technologies on information and telecommunication, assessment process, teaching-learning process, student performance, groupware. (shrink)

Thomistic ontology -- Ontological morality and human rights -- The war of the philosophers -- The modern way -- Pope Leo XIII and his legacy -- The survival of tradition.

Several philosophers have expressed concerns with some recent uses of the term ‘cognition’. Underlying a number of these concerns are claims that cognition is only located in the brain and that no compelling case has been made to use ‘cognition’ in any way other than as a cause of behavior that is representational in nature. These concerns center on two primary misapprehensions: First, that some adherents of dynamical cognitive science think DCS implies the thesis of extended cognition and the rejection (...) of representation, and second, that cognition is mistakenly equated with behavior. We make three points in response to these claims: First, there is no thoroughly entrenched conception of cognition as distinct from behavior that is being illegitimately disregarded. Second, we present Shapiro’s exposition of dynamical systems theory as revealing a misunderstanding of the way that dynamical models are used in explanations of cognition and related phenomena. Accordingly, a proper conception of DCS’s methods facilitates an appreciation of extended cognition as a legitimate phenomenon of scientific investigation. Finally, we demonstrate that practicing cognitive scientists and psychologists are far more pluralistic in the phenomena they apply ‘cognition’ to than is suggested by some. At the heart of our disagreement with these concerned folks is that although we think it likely that some cognitive phenomena are representational, non-extended, and only in-between the ears, we also think there are good conceptual and empirical reasons to believe that many cognitive phenomena are non-representational, extended, and not confined to the brain. (shrink)